Green ecological city is the leading direction of new urbanization

According to the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, ecological civilization construction should be put in a prominent position, integrated into the whole process of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, and efforts should be made to promote green development, circular development and low-carbon development. The 2013 central economic work conference stressed that the concept and principle of ecological civilization should be fully integrated into the whole process of urbanization, and take the new urbanization road of intensive, intelligent, green and low-carbon. In January 2013, the general office of the State Council transmitted the "green building action plan" issued by the national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, emphasizing the guidance of urban and rural construction with the concept of green, circular and low-carbon, and comprehensively promoting green building action from policy, market, technology and other aspects.

Green ecological city is the highest level of green building action, which refers to the planning and construction of a city or part of its area (generally more than 3 square kilometers) according to the concept of green, ecological and low-carbon, fully reflecting the requirements of resource conservation, building energy conservation, environmental protection and ecological livability, concentrating on the continuous development of green buildings, comprehensively promoting the "green" transformation of various infrastructure, and promoting the development of green city The city management is intelligent and efficient, which can promote the deep integration of cities and the earth's natural system, and minimize the harm of urbanization to society and environment.

Under the background that the urbanization process and regional economic development are constantly constrained by resources and environment, green ecological city is the inevitable choice in the promotion of new urbanization, and also the leading direction of new urbanization.

1、 Key contents of green ecological city construction

The construction of green ecological city covers a wide range of contents, and its core is intensive, green, low-carbon and intelligent. There are five main contents.

（1） Actively guide the compact development of cities. Over the years, China's urbanization process has been advancing by leaps and bounds, but the urbanization of land is faster than that of population, which is undoubtedly a major drawback. It is unsustainable to expand the scale of cities and towns. According to the reality of more people and less land in our country, green ecological city should not become a loose pattern of several buildings dotted in tens of thousands of mu of forest and lake. On the premise of satisfying the living comfort, the city should be built more compact and concentrated, and the land resources should be saved as much as possible. One is to strengthen urban space control. In combination with local resources and environmental conditions, we should adhere to the centralized and compact development mode, strengthen the boundary control of land use growth, and promote the compact layout and intensive development of urban construction. We should strictly implement the "five line" planning and management of the blue line, green line, purple line, yellow line and orange line in the urban area, earnestly strengthen the protection of water source protection areas, ecological protection areas and historical and cultural protection areas, and strictly control the development and construction activities of prohibited and restricted construction areas. The second is to optimize the urban spatial structure. Vigorously promote the development of urban areas to gather nodes, and form a functional and reasonable urban structure. Strengthen the development of industrial belt and key industries, promote the balance of housing and employment, and minimize large-scale and long-distance commuting. The third is to improve the level of comprehensive land use. We should encourage the appropriate mix of land use functions, promote the development of underground space in key areas, and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of land.

（2） All round promotion of green building. Green building is a kind of building that can save resources, protect environment and reduce pollution, provide people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and live harmoniously with nature in the whole life cycle of building. It is necessary to seize the historical opportunity of the rapid expansion of the scale of cities and towns and the accelerated renovation of old urban areas, implement the concept of green building from the planning and design stage, and promote green building comprehensively, on a large scale and in a hierarchical way. The evaluation standard of one star or above in "green building evaluation standard" should be fully implemented for new buildings. Commercial projects and affordable housing projects shall take the lead in implementing green building standards. In order to promote green buildings in an all-round way, policies should be made to speed up the scale ratio application of renewable energy such as solar energy and geothermal energy in the construction field, and the proportion of renewable energy in the total energy consumption of building operation should continue to rise. We should vigorously promote energy-saving, environment-friendly, safe and durable green building materials such as fired hollow products, aerated concrete products, low radiation coated glass, broken bridge thermal insulation doors and windows, sunshade system, develop and apply new building energy-saving structural system with functions of heat preservation, fire prevention, noise reduction, decoration, etc., vigorously promote ready mixed concrete and mortar, and encourage the use of construction waste, coal gangue Fly ash, lake river sludge and other solid wastes are used as raw materials to develop and produce recyclable and waste recycling new building materials. The water-saving facilities of new buildings should be designed, constructed and put into use simultaneously with the main works. Large public buildings and residential quarters should be equipped with rainwater collection and utilization devices, regional reclaimed water reuse system should be built, and permeable pavement engineering technology should be applied in a large area. We should encourage new houses to be decorated at one time or in menu style, and take the lead in implementing full decoration of houses in green buildings, so as to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution.

（3） Build a low-carbon transportation system. Low carbon transportation is a transportation system which can reduce energy consumption, reduce CO2 emission, and improve transportation efficiency and travel comfort. First of all, we should improve the construction of conventional public transport. Compared with small cars, the per capita carbon emission of large bus is much less, which is a low-carbon transportation mode. In order to give priority to the development of public transport, we should improve the layout of "fast, dry and branch" three-level public transport, line network and bus stations, and promote the construction of public transport private network at all levels. Second, strengthen the construction of pedestrian and bicycle transportation system. Improve the walking and cycling environment, build a systematic, continuous, comfortable and convenient chronic system, and encourage citizens to travel without carbon. Third, carry out low-carbon road planning and construction. In road construction, priority should be given to the layout of bus, pedestrian and bicycle lanes, and the application of permeable brick, noise reduction permeable pavement and LED street lamp should be promoted. Fourth, promote the application of intelligent transportation system and new energy vehicles. Speed up the construction of urban intelligent transportation system and improve the efficiency of transportation operation. Promote the use of new energy vehicles in an all-round way, and accelerate the construction of supporting charging stations, gas stations, and charging piles.

（4） Strengthen the construction of urban ecological environment. There are several changes in the construction of urban ecological environment: first, from the demand of physical space to the demand of people's quality of life; second, from the demand of pollution control to the demand of people's physical and mental health; third, from the demand of urban greening to the demand of ecological service function; fourth, from the image oriented urban beautification to the process oriented sustainable development of the city, so as to realize the sustainable development of the city The city construction should be systematized, naturalized, economical and humanized. First of all, we should do a good job in sewage treatment and garbage treatment to ensure the harmless discharge of pollutants produced by urban society. The sewage treatment plant and garbage disposal site should be constructed in advance according to the amount of urban sewage discharge, and the sewage pipe network should be complete, so as to realize the separation of two kinds of sewage. As soon as possible, we should change the treatment mode of open stacking and landfill of municipal solid waste, and realize the maximum recycling of resources through classified collection. Actively build garbage power generation facilities, turn waste into energy, and develop circular economy. In view of the large amount of urban demolition, construction waste treatment facilities should be built to meet the requirements, and the comprehensive utilization of construction waste resources should be fully realized. Secondly, we should do a good job in ecological greening and beautification. Urban greening and beautification should focus on the construction of ecological green space, road green space, green space around the city and residential green space, emphasizing the connectivity of urban green space, the combination of suburban green space, and the integration of landscape and ecology. Urban greening should be based on species localization to avoid a series of ecosystem degradation or adverse conditions caused by alien species. The third is to protect and develop urban ecological water system. Water system is the aura of a city. Based on the local conditions, we should protect and appropriately develop the urban water system resources, play the role of flood control and waterlogging storage, adjust the urban climate and beautify the environment.

（5） Speed up the construction of smart city. Smart city is a new mode of urban development based on the combination of Internet, Internet of things, telecommunication network, radio and television network, wireless broadband network and other networks. It is characterized by high integration of smart technology, high-end development of smart industry and efficient and convenient service. Its essence is to use advanced information technology to realize the intelligent management and operation of the city, so as to create a better life for people in the city and promote the harmonious and sustainable growth of the city. Smart city construction in China is doing a large-scale and multi angle exploration. "Smart Shenzhen", "digital Nanchang", "healthy Chongqing" and "ecological Shenyang" all focus on their own strategic needs, so as to achieve the unity of smart city construction and urban development strategic objectives. Smart city comprehensively improves resource utilization efficiency, urban management level and citizens' quality of life, so it is an important content and advanced stage of green ecological city construction. Smart city needs to realize perception first. That is to say, by installing sensors, data, systems and human beings are connected in an unprecedented way. The second is to realize the connection of things. That is to say, these interconnected goods will jointly create an "Internet of things", so that the goods and people in any system of the urban framework can communicate and coordinate with each other. The third is to realize intellectualization. Massive storage and higher computing power and other new models can transform massive information into wisdom, so that we can get more correct intelligent decisions. Using smart technology to build smart city is the trend and feature of urban development in the world.

2、 The key measures to build a green ecological city.

（1） The concept of urbanization should be changed to "green". Decision makers and executors of urban and rural construction at all levels must extricate themselves from the achievement urbanization of large-scale demolition, large-scale construction, wide roads and high-rise buildings, establish the concept of "human urbanization", and establish green, low-carbon, intensive and intelligent as the guiding ideology of urbanization. In the reconstruction of new and old urban areas, the index system of green ecological city should be integrated into the whole process of planning and construction.

（2） The concept of urban planning should be transformed to "green". The key to build green ecological city is to make green ecological planning and give full play to the leading role of planning. When compiling urban system planning and urban master planning, it is necessary to fully introduce low-carbon, green and ecological index system, and then formulate regulatory detailed planning for new area construction or old city reconstruction, so as to guide the city to build in full accordance with the green ecological city standard.

（3） Make full use of the national "green" policy. At present, the state provides a large amount of funds to subsidize green buildings, with two-star green building subsidies of 45 yuan / m2 and three-star green building subsidies of 80 yuan / m2. The financial subsidy of Shandong Province is 15 yuan / m2 for one star green building, 30 yuan / m2 for two star green building and 50 yuan / m2 for three-star green building. Many prefecture level cities have also introduced fund subsidy policies. To apply for the construction of green ecological demonstration city, the state will give a one-time subsidy of 50 million yuan, and Shandong Province will give a subsidy of 10 million yuan. For the construction of smart city, the National Development Bank has provided 400 billion yuan of interest free loans to support the pilot construction of smart city. The above policies will certainly play a strong incentive role. Making full use of these policies can not only effectively promote the transformation and upgrading of local urban construction, but also add a certain amount of financial resources and vitality to urban construction.